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Laîcité religieuse, antireligieuse, a-religieuse: L'évolution de l'école française entre 1880 et 1918

Hervé Terral

English

France is currently celebrating the 100th anniversary of the passing of the Act of Separation between the Churches and the State (9 December 1905) and a particular committee was created in 2003 in order to reflect on the implementation of the principle of ``laîcité''. These two facts have jointly initiated a reconsideration of the past. The period between 1880 and 1914, with its numerous debates that ended up in more or less pronounced consensus, is a key one to better understand the current events. Indeed, through a close reading of the texts one can identify several interpretations of ``laîcité'', which are still underlying today's discussions with a different background: a ``laîcité'' which is stamped with a religious spirit, another anticlerical, or perhaps even antireligious, one, and finally an a-religious one. The upholders of each interpretation have endeavoured to answer, in their own way, to meet the human requirements of an ideal, irrespective of the period considered.

French

Le centenaire de la loi du 9 décembre 1905 sur la séparation des é glises et de l’état en France, tout comme la réflexion d’une commission spécifique sur l’application du principe de laîcité (2003) ont réactivé un retour sur le passé. La période 1880–1914 avec ses nombreux débats débouchant sur des consensus plus ou moins affirmés est essentielle pour une meilleure compréhension des événements actuels. On peut en effet, à travers une lecture attentive des textes, relever plusieurs interprétations de la laîcité, toujours présentes aujourd’hui en filigrane dans un autre contexte: une laïcité empreinte d’esprit religieux, une laîcité anticléricale, voire antireligieuse, une laîcité a-religieuse. Chacune d’elles s’est efforcée de répondre, à sa façon, à une demande tout humaine d’idéal, transcendant les époques.

Key Words: freethinking • secularism • neutrality • religion • republic

Social Compass, Vol. 54, No. 2, 255-265 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0037768607077039


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